TIMING OF HARD PALATAL CLOSURE - A CRITICAL LONG-TERM ANALYSIS

The controversy about timing of cleft palate surgical procedures is fo cused on early palatoplasty for improved speech versus delayed hard pa late repair fbr undisturbed facial growth. Timing and technique of pal ate repair are the most important influences on speech and facial grow th, yet there is no consensus on the age or technique for surgery. The Oxford Cleft Palate Study was initiated to evaluate critically the lo ng-term follow-up of 44 patients with early versus late closure of the hard palate. A multidisciplinary approach was used to determine the i ncidence of speech deficiencies, palatal fistulas, maxillofacial growt h disturbances, and hearing abnormalities and to assess objectively th e long-term effects of two different treatment modalities on the cleft palate patient. The 44 patients were selected randomly, interviewed, and examined by the multidisciplinary Oxford Cleft Palate Study team. The average age at follow-up in the early closure group was 17.0 years versus 18.2 years in the late closure group. There was a similar numb er of unilateral and bilateral clefts in both the early and late closu re groups. The hard palate was closed in the early group at an average age of 10.8 months versus 48.6 months in the late closure group. All operative procedures in each group were performed by the same senior p lastic surgery consultant. Both consultants have since retired and did not participate in the study. Each patient was evaluated by the same plastic surgeon, speech pathologist, orthodontist, and otologist. All examiners were blinded in that they were unaware of the type or timing of the surgical technique and had no prior knowledge of or access to the patient's medical records. Furthermore, none of the examiners part icipated in the initial care and surgery of these patients. Statistica lly significant greater speech deficiencies were noted with delayed ha rd palate closure, especially in articulation, nasal resonance, intell igibility, and substitution pattern assessment (overall intelligibilit y, p < 0.01). Likewise, the persistent palatal fistula rate in the lat e closure group was 35 percent in comparison with 5 percent for the ea rly closure group (p < 0.02). No significant differences in hearing or maxillofacial growth impairment were delineated in either group. Our data suggest that delaying hard palate closure results in significant speech impairment without a beneficial maxillofacial growth response.