Dr. Larock et Jj. Ellington, AN INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT APPROACH, EMPHASIZING BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL, FOR PECAN APHIDS, The Southwestern entomologist, 21(2), 1996, pp. 153-166
An Integrated Pest Management program to control the yellow pecan aphi
d Moneliopsis pecanis (Bissel), the black-margined pecan aphid Monelli
a caryella (Fitch), and the black pecan aphid Melanocallis caryaefolia
(Davis) was adopted by Stahmann Farms of ]Las Cruces, New Mexico, in
1987. This program relied on improved cultural management practices, c
ompound leaf counts of pest and predator densities, inoculative releas
es of the lacewing Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister), two species of
lady beetles Hippodamia convergens (Guerin-Meneville), and Harmonia a
xyridis (Pallas), and reduced pesticide inputs. The population dynamic
s of aphids and predators are presented for years 1987 through 1993. R
elease and insecticide application rates declined during this seven-ye
ar interval, as did the financial expense associated with each. Yield
and quality, however, remained high.