Thirty-four 5- to 6-year-old children participated in a unique event i
n which children interacted with 4 individuals-2 for a long period of
time and 2 for a brief period only. Each child was interviewed I to 2
days later with photographic lineups that contained the target individ
uals (target-present) or with lineups that did not (target-absent). Wh
en tested with target-present lineups, 5- to 6-year-old children were
very accurate in identifying individuals with whom they had prolonged
exposure, and were also accurate when asked to identify an individual
who was present only briefly but who was part of a salient aspect of t
he same event. In contrast, when tested with target-absent lineups, ch
ildren's performance was very poor regardless of whether the to-be-ide
ntified individual had been seen briefly or for a prolonged period of
rime. These data have important implications for eyewitness identifica
tion by young children in clinical and legal settings.