J. Carminati et S. Cyganowski, SHEAR-FREE PERFECT FLUIDS IN GENERAL-RELATIVITY .3. PETROV TYPE-III SPACETIMES, Classical and quantum gravity, 13(7), 1996, pp. 1805-1817
It is shown that for any Petrov type III, shear-free, perfect fluid so
lution of Einstein's field equations, in which the perfect fluid satis
fies a barotropic equation of state p = p(w) such that w + p not equiv
alent to 0, the fluid volume expansion is zero, or the equation of sta
te satisfies 9p double over dot(w + p) - 18p over dot(2) + 2 = 0. It f
ollows that all such perfect fluids whose equation of state is the gam
ma law, must have zero fluid volume expansion.