This short review is presented on the present status of biological pre
servation of Foods, with particular emphasis on dairy products. In fac
t, in spite of the introduction of modern technologies and safety conc
epts (e.g. HACCP), the reported number of food-borne illnesses and int
oxications is still raising. Therefore, practical applications of prot
ective cultures to increase the hygienic level of dairy products (e.g.
cheeses) with particular reference made to Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)
and their ''food grade'' safety are reported. It is concluded that bi
ological preservation cannot substitute GMP but, however, it offers an
additional tool for improving the food quality.