This article reviews the main factors affecting the in vivo fluorescen
ce versus chlorophyll relationships of phytoplankton and presents a ca
se study based on data from three oceanographic cruises carried out, a
t different times of the year, in the Catalan-Balearic Sea. In all thr
ee surveys, the in vivo fluorescence/chlorophyll ratio of the upper eu
photic layer samples presented a diel variability with a minimum at or
before noon time. The relationships between the spatio-temporal distr
ibution of this variability and characteristics of photosynthesis vers
us irradiance curves obtained during each cruise are discussed.