Child abuse is rarely considered in fetuses and neonates. Events that
may be interpreted as physical or psychological abuse of fetuses or ne
onates by the mother or health care providers are discussed. The abuse
is usually unintentional and unconscious but can nevertheless adverse
ly affect the physical or psychological development of the child. Grea
ter awareness of child abuse by those who provide health care to fetus
es and neonates would improve the prevention of early child abuse.