Autografting could become a promising treatment for patients with chro
nic myeloid leukemia (CML) who cannot undergo allogeneic bone marrow t
ransplantation or failed to respond to recombinant alpha-interferon (I
FN). In this review, we analyze the results which have been published
for patients transplanted in chronic phase and which suggest that auto
grafting could prolong survival, at least in some patients. We also di
scuss the different methods of purging whose clinical efficacy remains
to be assessed.