In 1991, the Massachusetts legislature considered a bill that would ha
ve allowed a drunk driving defendant's refusal to take a breathalyzer
test to be admitted as evidence in a criminal trial. After the measure
passed in both houses, a stair senator used a parliamentary maneuver
to prevent it from being prepared for the governor's signature. Mother
s Against Drunk Driving (MADD) employed media advocacy techniques to a
lert the public, but the senator was unyielding and the legislative ca
lendar ran out with the bill unsigned. Because of MADD's efforts, howe
ver, the senate president put the bill on a ''fast track'' the followi
ng year. The news media's focused attention on MADD's protests exposed
deep schisms among its volunteer leadership regarding the nature and
purpose of the organization and the appropriateness of using confronta
tional media strategies to advance its agenda. Paralyzed by the lack o
f consensus, MADD Massachusetts was rendered a far less effective advo
cate for policy change.