Cp. Quan et al., HIGH-AFFINITY SERUM-DERIVED FAB FRAGMENTS AS ANOTHER SOURCE OF ANTIBODIES IN THE GUT LUMEN OF BOTH NEONATES AND ADULTS, Scandinavian journal of immunology, 44(2), 1996, pp. 108-114
The authors have investigated the presence of serum-derived immunoglob
ulin G (IgG) fragments in the human intestine at various ages, these f
ragments possibly representing another source of antibodies in additio
n to secretory IgA (SIgA). Fab fragments of the gamma isotype were fou
nd to be the major molecular form of immunoglobulins in the meconium (
median value: 3.7 mg/g of stools), as compared with Fab alpha (75 mu g
/g) and IgM (2.6 mu g/g). These fragments provided by molecules of the
maternal serum displayed a strong antibody activity to the tetanus to
roid and were also found in the stools of 1-week-old babies fed with f
ormula milk. The release of serum antibodies into the digestive lumen
occurs largely via hepatobiliary secretions, as suggested by the prese
nce of IgG antitoxins in the bile of children operated on extrahepatic
biliary atresia. In adults, the Fab antitoxins were also detected in
most stool extracts. Affinity of these molecules was found to be simil
ar to that of their serum counterpart with a Ka of 2.1 x 10(10) M(1) (
median value). These mucosal antibody fragments, associated with the n
ormal pathway of serum IgG catabolism, could provide additional immune
defences against pathogens, and be of importance to supplement an imm
ature or deficient secretory immune system.