THE PROBLEM OF MALARIA AND MALARIA CONTROL IN PREGNANCY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women frequently leads to placental infection and low birth weight (< 2,500 grams) of the infant , particularly in the areas of high malaria transmission found in sub- Saharan Africa. Low birth weight is widely known to be an important ri sk factor for early infant mortality. To reduce the risk that maternal infection poses to child survival, many antenatal clinic programs rec ommend and provide antimalarial chemoprophylaxis, often with chloroqui ne (CQ) as a recommended element for antenatal care. Prior to the 1980 s, despite widespread advocacy for this intervention, little was known about the effect of this intervention strategy. As an introduction to the Mangochi Malaria Research Project, which examined the efficacy of several antimalarial regimens using CQ or mefloquine in pregnant wome n in Malawi, we describe the background of knowledge regarding malaria infection in pregnant African women and the important elements of an intervention and prevention strategy.