Trn. Kutty et S. Ezhilvalavan, ZINC-OXIDE CERAMIC VARISTORS FORMULATED WITH BARIUM ORTHOSILICATE FOROPERATION IN THE 3-15 V BATTERY RANGE, Materials letters, 27(6), 1996, pp. 355-361
Varistors working in the 3-15 V battery voltage range can be obtained
from ZnO ceramics formulated with Ba2SiO4 as the extra additive. The p
resence of a large surface state density and a changing pattern of tra
p states at the grain boundary interfaces are more significant than la
rge grain size in attaining lower breakdown voltages, yet preserving h
igher nonlinear coefficients (alpha) up to 25.