PREVALENCE AND CLUSTER TYPOLOGY OF MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIORS IN A GEOGRAPHICALLY DEFINED POPULATION OF ADULTS WITH LEARNING-DISABILITIES

Background, Maladaptive behaviours are frequently present in individua ls with learning disabilities; however, their prevalence varies betwee n studies and the aetiology, classification and most appropriate manag ement of such behaviours remain unclear. The aims of the study were tw ofold: firstly to determine the prevalence of maladaptive behaviours, and secondly to develop a classification typology. Method. A populatio n of 2202 adults with learning disabilities was surveyed to determine the prevalence of maladaptive behaviours. These were subjected on the basis of 13 behavioural characteristics to cluster analysis. The clust ers were further examined in respect of secondary variables. Results. Over 60% of individuals demonstrated the presence of at least one mala daptive behaviour and in 40% this problem was of either severe degree or frequent occurrence. Men were more likely to demonstrate physical a ggression, property destruction, tantrums and verbal abuse than women. Although some severe maladaptive behaviours diminished with age, many persisted through all age groups. Six behavioural clusters were devis ed which demonstrated face validity and which differed in respect of d emographic and developmental variables, and the prevalence of maladapt ive habits and autistic symptoms. Conclusions, These findings demonstr ate a high prevalence of maladaptive behaviours and 'objectionable hab its' among people with learning disabilities. A classification of beha vioural symptoms may be possible on the basis of symptom clusters.