The universal method of Erlanger and Beiser was unsuccessful in conjug
ating 5-hydroxycytidine to proteins because of the instability of the
base under the conditions used. A new strategy was developed to conjug
ate fragile modified nucleosides to proteins. This involves the use of
morpholino derivatives of modified nucleosides. The validity of this
method was demonstrated by the production of polyclonal antibodies spe
cific for the DNA modification, 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine..