LASERS, OPTICAL-SYSTEMS AND SAFETY IN OPHTHALMOLOGY - A REVIEW

This is a review of optical methods related to biomicroscopy and laser treatment of the posterior segment of the eye. Contact lenses can be used to observe optical structures and couple laser radiation into the eye for a vast range of conditions and techniques. A small laser spot size is indispensable for photodisruptive work, though this requires a large beam diameter at the pupil and therefore optical systems and t echniques such as scleral indentation which maximize the pupillary bea m diameter are preferred. For coagulation work the choice of beam focu sing optics is crucial for optimum safety. Vitreous replacement can be used to change the refractive power of the eye and permit new combina tions of treatment and optical systems. This review covers many aspect s of laser irradiation of the eye. It should be clear that, with the m ultitude of different procedures and optical systems involved, the las er surgeon is faced with a daunting task in assessing and meeting safe ty limits.