MINIATURIZED REFERENCE ELECTRODES WITH MICROPOROUS POLYMER JUNCTIONS

The construction and evaluation of a simple and effective mini-referen ce electrode is presented. Major innovations are the use of high densi ty microporous polyethylene for the restricted flow junction between t he internal and external electrolyte and a polypropylene disposable pi pette tip as the electrode body. Low electrolyte bleeding, reduced siz e, relatively low electrical resistance and simplified procedure of co nstruction are some of the advantages of the presented design. These c haracteristics make this electrode particularly suitable for use with small-volume cells and flow cells, as well as applications where chlor ide contamination should be avoided. Other applications for the microp orous membrane in electroanalysis are introduced.