The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of
mapping-enhanced counseling with less educated methadone clients (i.e.
, clients with no high school diploma or GED). Results indicated that
less educated clients exposed to node-link maps during treatment showe
d better 12-month follow-up outcomes than similar clients exposed to s
tandard methods of counseling. Less educated mapping clients were less
likely than their standard counterparts to have used drugs and to hav
e engaged in criminal activities in the 6 months before the follow-up
interview.