AN ANATOMIC STUDY OF THE THICKNESS OF THE OCCIPITAL BONE - IMPLICATIONS FOR OCCIPITOCERVICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Study Design. The authors measured the thickness and quality of occipi tal bone regions to determine screw placement during occipitocervical fusion and described the projection of the posterior dural venous sinu ses. Objective. This study provides anatomic data relevant to areas of screw placement into the occiput during occipitocervical fixation. Su mmary of Background Data. Few reports exist regarding the morphometric s of the occipital bone and intracranial structures relevant to occipi tocervical fusion. Method. The thickness of the posterior inferior occ ipital bone was measured relative to a 10 x 5 cm grid. Sections were e valuated grossly and histologically. The projections of the posterior dural venous sinuses were determined by direct measurements. Results. The maximum thickness of the occipital bone, which ranged from 11.5 to 15.1 mm in males and from 9.7 to 12.0 mm in females, was at the level of the external Occipital protuberance. The occipital bone was thicke r than 8 mm in an area extending laterally from the external occipital protuberance for 23 mm and consisted of dense cortical bone with litt le or no diploic bone. The projection of most of the torcula on the ex ternal surface of the occipital bone was located superior to the cente r of the external occipital protuberance (mean, 12.6 mm superior and 4 .7 mm inferior to external occipital protuberance), whereas that of th e transverse sinus was distributed more evenly above and below the ext ernal occipital protuberance (mean, 7.3 mm superior and 6.5 mm inferio r). Conclusions. Screws that are 8-mm long may be inserted in the regi on of the superior nuchal line (Level 0) extending 2 cm laterally from the center of the external occipital protuberance, 1 cm from the midl ine at a level 1 cm inferior to the external occipital protuberance (L evel 1), and 0.5 cm from the midline at a level 2 inferior to the exte rnal occipital protuberance (Level 2). The major dural venous sinuses are situated immediately beneath the thickest regions of the occiput a nd are at screw placement.