INCIDENCE OF SCOLIOSIS IN BETA-THALASSEMIA AND FOLLOW-UP EVALUATION

Study Design. One hundred fifteen of 120 patients with beta-thalassemi a followed in the thalassemia unit were studied for the presence of sc oliosis. Forty-nine of these patients were reevaluated 1 year later. O bjective. To determine the frequency and the course of scoliosis in be ta-thalassemia and to compare the findings with those of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Summary and Background Data. There is only one report indicating increased frequency of scoliosis in a limited number of patients with thalassemia. In this study, the authors assessed the frequency of scoliosis in a large sample of patients and followed the evolution of this spinal deformity. Methods. Patients with beta-thala ssemia aged 3-35 years were examined clinically and radiologically for scoliosis. Forty-nine of them were reexamined 1 year later for determ ination of the evolution of scoliosis. Results. Lateral curves of at l east 5 degrees Cobb were found in 77 patients (67%), with a male-to-fe male ratio of 0.9. Scoliosis of at least 10 degrees was found in 21.7% of the male and 20% of the female patients with thalassemia. The rati o was 1.18 for curves of at least 10 degrees and 0.77 for curves of a smaller magnitude. The most common curve pattern was the left lumbar ( 35.1%), followed by the double-curve pattern (16.9%). Forty-nine rando mly selected patients (42.6%) of the 115 included in the study were re examined 1 year later. Seven male and 7 female patients (total, 28.6%) showed a progression of at least 5 degrees. Six patients (12.2%) expe rience spontaneous improvement of less than 6 degrees. The pattern and the evolution of scoliosis observed in patients with beta-thalassemia differ from those found in Greek children with idiopathic scoliosis. Conclusions. The finding of this study show that the incidence, evolut ion, and etiology of scoliosis in beta-thalassemia differ from those o f idiopathic scoliosis, indicating that the spinal deformities in pati ents with beta-thalassemia represents a distinct type of scoliosis. Lo nger follow-up is needed to investigate the natural history of this ty pe of scoliosis.