An important current trend in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (
NMR) is the growing exploitation of optical pumping of nuclear spin po
larizations as a means of enhancing and localizing NMR signals. Recent
work has been concentrated in two areas, namely optically pumped NMR
in semiconductors and optical pumping of noble gases. Progress in thes
e two areas, including technical developments and new applications in
physical chemistry, condensed matter physics, and biomedical sciences,
is reviewed. Likely directions for future developments are suggested.