DIAGNOSTIC-IMAGING TO IDENTIFY THE CAUSE OF JAUNDICE

Imaging studies can be helpful in identifying the etiology of conjugat ed (direct) hyperbilirubinemia. An elevated direct bilirubin level sug gests obstructive jaundice, and ultrasound or computed tomographic (CT ) imaging may identify the responsible structural lesion. Imaging can also be used to guide percutaneous biopsy. A cost-effective strategy f or determining the cause of direct hyperbilirubinemia rests on ultraso und as the primary modality Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogr aphy and CT are performed as follow-up studies only when necessary. Ma gnetic resonance imaging is rarely useful.