M. Rasi et al., VISUALIZING THE EXPANDING FLOW OF GAS FROM HELIUM-JET AND ION-GUIDE NOZZLES, Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment, 378(1-2), 1996, pp. 251-257
Two needle electrodes in the thermalization chamber and a voltage supp
ly are the only means needed for making shock waves visible in the sup
ersonic gas flow expanding from a helium-jet or ion-guide nozzle. Pict
ures of the glowing gas taken by a home camera contain detailed inform
ation that is often badly needed. The application to a squeezer ion gu
ide is presented as an example.