Jr. Page et al., RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DEPRESSION, SELF-ESTEEM, AND SELF-SILENCING BEHAVIOR, Journal of social and clinical psychology, 15(4), 1996, pp. 381-396
The Silencing the Self Scale (STSS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BD
I), and the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEI) were adminis
tered to 90 male and 91 female participants in order to determine gend
er differences on the STSS and to establish the relationship between s
elf-silencing, depression, and self-esteem. Contrary to our hypotheses
, men's scores on the STSS were significantly higher than women's scor
es, and scores on the BDI and the MSEI showed no significant gender di
fferences. Self-silencing was significantly related to depression at l
ow levels of self-esteem but not at average or high levels, suggesting
that a high score on the STSS is not necessarily reflective of the se
lf-silencing schema proposed by Dana lack.