PHASE-TRANSITIONS IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL STEADY-STATE HYDROTHERMAL FLOWS

The paper sets out necessary conditions for the existence of a phase t ransition in a steady state one-dimensional vertical hydrothermal flow . The entropy inequality (reflecting the presence of capillarity) and a thermodynamical inequality at the phase boundary are combined to del ineate the region of permissible flow states in the mass-energy flow p lane. In particular, it is shown that for small mass flow/permeability ratios the configuration consisting of single-phase liquid lying over a vapor-dominated two-phase fluid is not stable. These and other resu lts are discussed in the context of several field examples, including Kawah Kamojang (Indonesia) and Wairakei (New Zealand).