Decisions about how inclusive one should be in at tempting to sample a
nd/or enumerate homeless populations are best guided by information re
garding what is sacrificed when different sampling choices are made. T
his article draws upon data from the Course of Homelessness Study to e
xplore how three progressively less inclusive sampling frames affect u
nderstandings of the size and characteristics of homeless populations
in two Los Angeles sites. Findings suggest that less inclusive samplin
g frames substantially affect population estimates, but do not consist
ently produce biased estimates of population characteristics. Whether,
and the extent to which, such bias is introduced varies by site, by g
ender; and by the population characteristic in question.