D. Candinas et al., EFFECT OF REPETITIVE HIGH-DOSE TREATMENT WITH SOLUBLE COMPLEMENT RECEPTOR-TYPE-1 AND COBRA VENOM FACTOR ON DISCORDANT XENOGRAFT SURVIVAL, Transplantation, 62(3), 1996, pp. 336-342
Hyperacute xenograft rejection may be modified by the activation and d
epletion of complement (C) using cobra venom factor (CVF). This method
of prolonging xenograft survival is toxic and associated with systemi
c inflammation, which may potentially contribute to the pathologic fea
tures of delayed xenograft rejection. Soluble complement receptor type
1 (sCR1) inhibits both the classical and alternative C pathways and t
hus limits the production of proinflammatory products such as the anap
hylatoxins. Hence, we investigated the effects of various sCR1 and CVF
regimens, and combinations thereof, in the discordant guinea pig-to-L
ewis rat cardiac xenograft model. Mean graft survival time (MST) was s
ignificantly prolonged with repetitive dosing (MST=22 hr) or continuou
s infusion of sCR1 (MST=32 hr) as compared with unmodified controls (M
ST=15 min). However, sCR1 did not prevent intragraft deposition of C3
or neutrophil infiltration and resulted in only partial inhibition of
C-mediated hemolytic activity in vitro. Grafts in rats treated with a
single dose of CVF (MST=67 hr) or repetitive doses of CVF (MST=69 hr)
survived significantly longer than those treated with sCR1 alone, and
lacked C3 deposition or neutrophil accumulation. Sera from these anima
ls were completely depleted of C-mediated hemolytic activity. Animals
treated with a single dose of CVF, or sCR1 plus a single dose of CVF (
MST=64 hr), had similar xenograft survival times. However, immuno-hist
ologic studies showed that addition of sCR1 to a single dose of CVF re
sulted in decreased macrophage activation and reduced levels of cytoki
nes (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta) within xenogr
afts as compared with that in recipients treated with CVF alone. Such
decreased macrophage activation may result from the binding of C4b by
sCR1, since combination therapy may augment further therapeutic manipu
lations to achieve discordant xenograft survival without the attendant
toxicity associated with repeated CVF administration.