Hearing loss in infants and children may be sensorineural, conductive,
or mixed. Severity varies from mild to profound. Educational initiati
ves aimed at children, parents, and primary health care providers coul
d help prevent needless permanent hearing impairment. Effective progra
ms aimed at education and hearing conservation among children and adol
escents are overdue. The causes of sensorineural hearing loss, the con
cept of multidisciplinary team evaluation, and measurement of hearing
are discussed. Advances in genetics of hearing loss are reviewed.