VOICE DISORDERS IN CHILDREN

Voice production with correlation to pediatric anatomy and physiology is discussed. Causes of hoarseness in the pediatric patient may be lar yngeal papillomas, congenital glottic webs, gastroesophageal reflux an d vocal nodules. Neurologic conditions, such as unilateral or bilatera l vocal fold paralysis, with their associated symptoms are presented. Management of these disorders is unique in the pediatric population. O ther speech disorders, such as velopharyngeal inadequacy and stutterin g, often require speech therapy, and management of these disorders usu ally is performed in conjunction with other speech professionals.