VOCALIZATIONS IN NEWBORN MICE - GENETIC-ANALYSIS

Two kinds of vocalizations are produced by newborn mice: whistles (bet ween 50 and 150 ms in length), having a narrow bandwidth in each strai n that ranges from 30 to 90 kHz; and clicks, which are shorter (about 1 ms) and have a larger bandwidth. These vocalizations were individual ly recorded in 1-day-old pups from seven inbred strains of laboratory mice, at two temperatures (23 +/- 0.5 and 15 +/- 0.5 degrees C). The n umbers of clicks and whistles were counted under these two conditions. Moreover, the length and frequencies at the beginning, apex, and end of the whistles were measured during the 15 degrees C condition. Corre lations, including several components-additivity, epistasis (between h omozygous loci), and maternal environment--were calculated between the characteristics of the whistles during the 15 degrees C condition. Cl icks and whistles were also counted from 1 to 8 days of age during the 15 degrees C: condition. The numbers of clicks and whistles were age dependent, with a decrease from day 1 to day 8 for the clicks and a co nsistent production of whistles. A quantitative genetic analysis was a lso performed on the 1-day-old pups from the Mendelian generations pro duced by the inbred strains most contrasting for the number of whistle s produced in the cold condition: NZB/B1NJ and CBA/H. The heterozygous genotype of the mother induced an increment of the number of whistles . Moreover, a significant part of the additive variance was suspected from the first design, and found with the second one, for this variabl e. Quantitative genetic analysis showed significant dominance and epis tasis between homozygous loci and homozygous and heterozygous loci. Th is points to multigenic correlates for the number of whistles in this population. The significant additive values for all the variables reco rded during the 15 +/- 0.5 degrees C condition and for the number of w histles produced during the 23 +/- 0.5 degrees C condition are compati ble with an effect that indicates neither directional nor stabilizing selection. This result is examined in the light of the multichannel se nsorial process implicated in maternal behavior in mice.