Kk. Bertine et al., COMPARATIVE MARINE CHEMISTRIES OF SOME TRIVALENT METALS - BISMUTH, RHODIUM AND RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS, Marine chemistry, 53(1-2), 1996, pp. 89-100
The differing marine chemical behaviors of some trivalent elements are
compared on the bases of their crustal rock concentrations and of tho
se in various marine compartments. At one extreme, the platinum group
element rhodium has a remarkable stability in seawater, perhaps attrib
utable to kinetically hindered complex formation. On the other hand, b
ismuth is far more reactive as evidenced by its unusual enrichments in
ferromanganese minerals and by its depletion in deep waters. The rare
earth elements, lanthanum, samarium and lutetium show behaviors inter
mediate between those of rhodium and bismuth.