J. Granato et al., THE EFFECT OF CULTURAL-VALUES ON ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT - THEORY, HYPOTHESES, AND SOME EMPIRICAL TESTS, American journal of political science, 40(3), 1996, pp. 607-631
Theory: Cultural variables are incorporated into a baseline endogenous
economic growth model. Hypotheses: Cultural attitudes toward achievem
ent and thrift have a positive effect on economic growth. Cultural att
itudes concerning postmaterialism have a negative effect on economic g
rowth. Methods: Ordinary least squares regression is used to test econ
omic and cultural models of growth on a cross section of 25 countries.
The encompassing principle is used to resolve competing theoretical s
pecifications and to generate a final parsimonious model. A variant of
Leamer's Extreme Bounds Analysis (EBA) is used to evaluate the sensit
ivity of parameter estimates. The conclusions are further supported by
nonparametric methods including robust regression and bootstrap resam
pling. The data for the analysis are from the World Values Survey (199
0) and from Levine and Renelt (1992). Results: An empirical model that
incorporates both cultural and economic variables is superior to an e
xplanation emphasizing one set of these variables. The final model is
robust to: (1) alterations in the conditioning set of variables; (2) e
limination of influential cases; and (3) variations in estimation proc
edures.