ISOLATING EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY NONLINEAR SPATIAL INTERACTIONS INVOLVED IN CONTRAST DETECTION

Interactions between filters tuned to different orientations and spati al locations were investigated with a masking paradigm. Targets were m asked by pairs of Gabor signals presented either at a different orient ation (+/-Delta theta) or at a different spatial location (+/-Delta y) . The two mask components were either of equal phase or of opposite ph ase to each other. Detection thresholds of the target were measured as a function of mask contrast, Typically, the curves obtained showed th e following behavior: for increasing mask contrast the threshold first decreased, then reached a minimum and then increased linearly on a lo g-log scale reflecting a power-law behavior, Mask pairs of equal phase as well as pairs of opposite phase were shown to facilitate detection . Facilitation by mask pairs of equal phase was larger (up to 0.4 log units) and decreased for increasing Delta theta and Delta y. The facil itation for mask pairs of opposite phase (similar to 0.1 log units) wa s observed only for larger Delta theta and Delta y. Phase independent suppression was observed with higher mask contrasts at smaller de and Delta y. The strength of this suppression was shown to decrease with p ractice. We account for the observed facilitation with an accelerating transducer function applied on a second-stage filter. Suppression is modeled with an additional inhibitory second stage filter that divides the output of this transducer. Selective reduction of the inhibitory gain accounts for the practice effects. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Sc ience Ltd.