Computer simulations of physical systems under extreme conditions (hig
h density, temperature, etc.) require the availability of extensive se
ts of atomic data. This paper presents basic information on a self-con
sistent approach to calculations of radiative opacity, one of the key
characteristics of such systems. After a short explanation of general
concepts of the atomic physics of extreme systems, the structure of th
e opacity code RACHEL is discussed and some of its applications are pr
esented.