Objective-To examine the characteristics of infants suffering from fai
lure to thrive in a community based cohort in Israel and to ascertain
the effect of failure to thrive on their cognitive development. Method
s-By review of records maintained at maternal and child health clinics
in Jerusalem and the town of Belt Shemesh, epidemiological data were
obtained at age 15 months on a cohort of all babies born in 1991. For
each case of failure to thrive, a matched control was selected from th
e same maternal and child health clinic. At age 20 months, cognitive d
evelopment was measured, and at 25 months a home visit was carried out
to assess maternal psychiatric status by questionnaire, and the HOME
assessment was performed to assess the home environment. Results-3.9%
of infants were found to have fallen below the third centile in weight
for at least three months during the first year of life. Infants with
failure to thrive did not differ from the general population in terms
of obstetric or neonatal complications, birth order, or parents' ethn
ic origin, age, or years of education. The infants with failure to thr
ive did have lower birthweights and marginally smaller head circumfere
nces at birth. Developmental assessment at 20 months of age showed a D
Q of 99.7 v 107.2 in the matched controls, with 11.5% having a DQ belo
w 80, as opposed to only 4.6% of the controls. No differences were fou
nd in maternal psychiatric problems as measured by a self report quest
ionnaire. There were, however, significant differences in subscales of
the HOME scale. Conclusions-(1) Infants who suffered from failure to
thrive had some physiological predispositions that put them at risk; (
2) failure to thrive may be an early marker of families providing subo
ptimal developmental stimulation.