INSTRUMENTS FOR GASLESS LAPAROSCOPIC SURG ERY

Specially designed instruments for laparoscopic surgery with a pneumop eritoneum are expensive and delicate, and surgeons are initially not f amiliar with their handling. Beside restrictions of the surgeon's intr aabdominal range of motion they lead to a loss of tactile sensation. I n gasless laparoscopic procedures not only special laparoscopic instru ments, but the standard conventional instruments, used in open surgery , can also be employed with simple valveless trocars. Still using thes e instruments can put up some difficulties, because ergonomic factors were not considered in their development. With regard to the instrumen t's length, shape and joint-position we developed a special instrument -set under the ergonomic criterias of gasless laparoscopy.