HUMAN BEHAVIORAL-ASSESSMENT IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY - PRODUCING APPROPRIATE TEST-PERFORMANCE WITH WRITTEN AND SHAPING INSTRUCTIONS

Neurotoxic effects are of such breadth and complexity that functional biomarkers (behavioral tests) that integrate many areas of the nervous system predominate in human neurotoxicology research. The increasing distribution of chemical and other manufacturing throughout the world, particularly in developing nations, suggests the acute need to develo p biomarkers for chemical exposures and effects that can be employed i nternationally. A language-free method for training performance on beh avioral tests is described, which holds promise for international rese arch that circumvents the vagaries of translation. Four behavioral tes ts were administered to 74-114 adult US subjects. Procedures, collecti vely termed shaping, produced effective performance on three tests [Sy mbol Digit, Vigilant Attention Test (VAT), Digit Span Forward and Back ward], and produced appropriate but unacceptably slow performance in i nitial testing on the Simple Reaction Time test. Effective performance on the Symbol-Digit test also was produced by shaping instructions, w ithout assistance from examiners, in small groups of residents of Taip ei (Taiwan) and US children between the ages of 5 and 16.