AN AUTOMATED-SYSTEM FOR REGULATING BRAIN TEMPERATURE IN AWAKE AND FREELY MOVING RODENTS

In rodents, postischemic hypothermia can provide robust and long-term functional and histological neuroprotection, even when intervention is delayed for several hours following ischemia. This generates a need t o follow temperature precisely for many hours, perhaps several days if a hypothermic effect Is to be studied or excluded. Such protracted te mperature control (> 24 h) is difficult and often lethal when performe d under general anesthesia. In awake animals, manual temperature contr ol is safer, but exceedingly time consuming and tedious, and is imprac tical for large experiments. The present method allows for continuous brain temperature measurement and control in free-moving rats and gerb ils. Brain temperature was measured by wireless AM probes while feedba ck regulation was achieved by servo-control of a lamp, fan and water m isting system. Hypothermia was easily induced and maintained for 24 h at 32 degrees C in both gerbils and rats. Gerbils also tolerated 24 h at 32 degrees C followed by 24 h at 34 degrees C. This 'exposure techn ique' is capable of safely producing lengthy periods of mild hypotherm ia in rats and gerbils. Furthermore, this method can clamp temperature when temperature-altering drugs are given. For example, temperature w as maintained in MK-801 drugged gerbils. The system is, therefore, emi nently suitable for drug neuroprotection studies in brain ischemia.