E. Emsellem et al., THE SOMBRERO GALAXY .2. COLORS, KINEMATICS AND LINE STRENGTHS OF THE CENTRAL REGION, Astronomy and astrophysics, 312(3), 1996, pp. 777-796
We present photometric (pre-COSTAR HST and ground-based) and new two-d
imensional TIGER spectrographic data of the central region of the Somb
rero galaxy (NGC 4594, M 104). This gives B - V and V - R(C) images, a
s well as 2D line strengths and kinematical maps (LOSVDs). Analysis of
these data lets us draw a clearer picture of the morphology of the So
mbrero galaxy: it contains a massive metal-poor bulge whose outer part
seems to be pressure supported, an outer stellar ring (the main disc)
with a roughly solar [Fe/H], a rapidly rotating, metal-rich inner dis
c ([Fe/H] similar to 0.5), and a point-like nucleus. Using the deconvo
lved HST image, we have detected dust structures in the central arcsec
onds of M 104. We also mapped the distribution of ionized gas from the
[NI] doublet (TIGER spectra), which strongly peaks in the centre. The
presence of the [NI] emission lines significantly affected the measur
ements of the Mgb line strength in the central arcseconds. The derived
stellar LOSVDs exhibit strong asymmetries close to the major-axis lin
ked to the presence of the dynamically cold inner disc. The central ve
locity and velocity dispersion gradients are consistent with the sugge
sted presence of a central dark mass of similar to 2 10(9) M(circle do
t)(Emsellem & Qian 1996: Paper 3). Alternatively, a nuclear end-on bar
could conceivably produce these gradients. We then analysed various c
orrelations between the colours, line strengths and kinematics of the
central region. In particular, the local escape velocity is confirmed
to be a significantly better indicator of the local line strength than
the local velocity dispersion. We propose that the present morphology
represents the end-product of the secular evolution of the galaxy due
to a (now dissolved?) stellar bar. In this context, dynamical resonan
ces are suggested to play an important role in the building of the pre
sent structures. We thus associated the outer dust and HT ring to the
OLR of the presumed bar. The double stellar disc structure is then dis
cussed in the light of the bar hypothesis, the ILR corresponding to th
e transition region between the two discs. This hints of the formation
of the inner disc by infalling of pre-enriched gas. Different mechani
sms can be responsible for the building of the bulge and halo: e.g. an
early minor merger event which could have triggered the formation of
a bar, or a dissipational collapse. These scenarios have to be further
examined, particularly in the light of the recent observations of edg
e-on S0 galaxies, which show structures resembling the ones of M 104.