Ja. Harrigan et Dm. Oconnell, HOW DO YOU LOOK WHEN FEELING ANXIOUS - FACIAL DISPLAYS OF ANXIETY, Personality and individual differences, 21(2), 1996, pp. 205-212
Although anxiety is a frequent and disabling emotional state, the disp
lay of this affect through facial actions has not been previously stud
ied. Participants were videotaped while describing an anxious past eve
nt, and answering stressful and nonstressful questions regarding react
ions to the anxiety-producing experience. High and low self-rated anxi
ous segments were coded using the Facial Action Coding System (FAGS).
Results showed that more facial movements involving elements of the fe
ar expression and more eye blinks were displayed during high vs low an
xious segments.?here was also an increase in total facial movement dur
ing high vs low anxiety. Nonenjoyment smiles were exhibited-more often
than enjoyment smiles, and females smiled less than males as anxiety
increased. Facial actions indicative of other affect states (anger, sa
dness) did not distinguish anxiety level. Level of anxiety could be di
fferentiated on the basis of specific facial movements related to fear
and arousal. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.