Yp. Li et al., CHARACTERIZATION OF YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS DEPOSITED BY DC MAGNETRON SPUTTERING, Journal of Materials Science, 31(23), 1996, pp. 6137-6144
It was found from plan-view transmission electron microscopy (TEM) obs
ervations that c-oriented YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films on LaAlO3, prep
ared by the magnetron sputtering technique had a single crystalline-li
ke YBCO matrix, but always contained some precipitates of impurity pha
ses. A large number of highly defective twin boundaries were also obse
rved in all of these epitaxial films. Such highly defective twin bound
aries are thought to be flux pinning centres and also paths for the di
ffusion of water into YBCO films. Therefore the films need to be passi
vated against attack from humid air.