Ja. Zasadzinski, SCANNING FORCE MICROSCOPY - NEW INSTRUMENTATION AND APPLICATIONS, Current opinion in colloid & interface science, 1(2), 1996, pp. 264-269
New instrumentation has led to new ways in which to generate image con
trast in scanning force microscopy. Friction and adhesion forces can b
e used to map out local surface chemistry or biological activity. Grad
ients of electric or magnetic fields can be used to determine the dist
ribution of liquids, surfactants or polymers adsorbed to surfaces. 'Ta
pping' the scanning tip against a surface can reveal local viscosity,
surface compliance or shape fluctuations in addition to minimizing sur
face interactions.