ACCURACY OF CASE-REPORTED FAMILY HISTORY OF MELANOMA IN QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA

A positive family history is used in clinical practice as an indicatio n of increased melanoma risk, yet there are no data on the accuracy of reported family histories of melanoma, The validity of case-reported family history of melanoma was assessed in the course of a family and twin study of melanoma in Queensland, Australia, conducted among the f amilies of 2,118 melanoma cases diagnosed in Queensland between 1982 a nd 1990. A total of 913 melanoma cases made 1,267 reports of melanoma among their first-degree relatives. A total of 1,040 of these reports were checked, first through relatives themselves and then, if the rela tive also said they had had melanoma, through the relative's medical r ecords. Medical confirmation of melanoma as the diagnosis was obtained for 623 reports (59.9%; 95% confidence interval 56.9-62.9): a false-p ositive reporting rate by cases of 40.1%, The level of false-positive reporting was lower for cases under 70 years of age, for women, for ca ses whose own diagnosis of melanoma was more than 5 years earlier, and for cases with three or more relatives with melanoma. Media campaigns in Queensland aimed at increasing skin cancer awareness, and confusio n between melanoma and other more common actinic neoplasms (basal and squamous cell carcinomas), may partly explain the high false-positive reporting rate observed here. For this reason, it is difficult to gene ralize these findings to northern hemisphere populations where skin ca ncer is not such an important public health issue.