J. Hagedoorn, TRENDS AND PATTERNS IN STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY PARTNERING SINCE THE EARLY SEVENTIES, Review of industrial organization, 11(5), 1996, pp. 601-616
This paper analyses some basic trends and patterns in inter-firm strat
egic technology partnering during the past two and a half decades. The
description of growth patterns in strategic technology partnering rev
eals that this phenomenon has become increasingly popular during the e
ighties and the early nineties. Joint ventures, once the most prominen
t form of inter-firm partnering, have, to a very large degree, been re
placed by a wide variety of contractual agreements. International patt
erns of partnering are discussed for the Triad (USA, Europe, Japan) in
terms of changes in the distribution of domestic and cross-border all
iances.