SEVERE AND COMPLICATED FALCIPARUM-MALARIA IN MELANESIAN ADULTS IN PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA

Severe falciparum malaria usually occurs in children, but also occurs in nonimmune migrants or partially immune adults in areas of unstable transmission. We have studied prospectively 70 adult patients with str ictly defined severe malaria from the south coast of Papua New Guinea where malaria transmission is not intense. Only 19 (27.1%) were migran ts from areas where malaria transmission does not occur; many other pa tients were periurban dwellers who had become infected after visits to their home villages. The most common clinical features were jaundice or hepatic dysfunction, impaired consciousness, renal failure, cerebra l malaria, and anemia. Hypoglycemia was common following treatment wit h quinine. The overall case fatality rate was 18.6%; renal failure and cerebral malaria in particular were associated with a poor outcome. R eduction in mortality might be achieved by aggressive therapy of renal failure with earlier institution of dialysis; the use of preventive m easures for immigrants or urban dwellers returning to high transmissio n areas might reduce the incidence of this dangerous disease.