It is widely believed that low self-esteem (SE) is associated with gre
ater substance use, although previous research has been unable to supp
ort such a relationship consistently. The present study used the ''soc
ial deviance model'' to investigate whether SE was differentially rela
ted to substance use for respondents in varying cultural norms. Respon
ses to intensity of tobacco, marijuana, alcohol, and drug use, SE, and
cultural norm items from over 2,000 high school and college students
failed to support this model.