Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of bone is a rare condition. Pres
ented herein is a case of primary NHL of the calcaneus illustrating ma
ny of the classic features of the disease. Emphasized in this report a
re the nonspecific clinical and conventional radiographic features of
primary NHL of bone, which may mimic inflammatory, neuropathic, infect
ious, or other neoplastic conditions of the extremities. The importanc
e of early cross-sectional radiologic studies, such as magnetic resona
nce imaging, lies in the early characterization of the mass-like featu
res and local extent of such lesions, helping to raise the suspicion o
f neoplastic disease.