We calculate the long-distance matrix elements for the decays of the l
owest-lying S- and P-wave states of charmonium and bottomonium in quen
ched lattice QCD, using a nonrelativistic formulation for the heavy qu
arks. (The short-distance coefficients are known from perturbation the
ory.) In particular, we present the first calculation from QCD first p
rinciples of the color-octet contribution to P-wave decay-a contributi
on that is absent in potential models. We also give the relations betw
een the lattice matrix elements and their continuum counterparts throu
gh one-loop order in perturbation theory.