SENSOR PRINCIPLES AND METHODS FOR MEASURING PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES

Because the scientific method is based on measurement and observation, measurement methodologies and techniques are critical to the advancem ent of science and technology. Direct measurement of physical properti es, or inferences from physical properties, are based on models of beh avior. To reduce the possibility of erroneous measurement, a clear und erstanding of how a sensor translates physical properties into measure d values is vital to advancing materials and process design. The linka ge between the accepted models, sensor principles, and methods of meas urement enables one to optimally choose a sensor technology. Opportuni ties for innovation and research are abundant in this field, with the trend toward micro- and nano-sized integrated systems being especially notable.