Sampling conventions for inhalable, thoracic and respirable aerosol fr
actions have now been agreed internationally and published as both Eur
opean and International standards, Implementation of these sampling co
nventions will require discussion of the target fractions appropriate
for various aerosol hazards, the sampling instruments to recommend for
the three target fractions and estimation of the likely impact that a
ny changes in sampling method could have on apparent exposures. This p
aper reviews the performance of both available and developing aerosol
sampling technologies and discusses some of the wider issues involved
in moving to improved sampling methods.