INCREASED ENERGY-EXPENDITURE IN GROWING ADOLESCENTS WITH CROHNS-DISEASE

Undernutrition is considered to have a central role in the pathogenesi s of growth retardation in Crohn's disease. This may occur as a conseq uence of inadequate food intake, increased energy expenditure, or both , Ten growing adolescents with inactive Crohn's disease were assessed with respect to anthropometric parameters and resting energy expenditu re, measured by indirect calorimetry during remission, repeated in rel apse (N = 5), and compared to that predicted from the Harris-Benedict formula. Mean energy intake was assessed with seven-day diaries in fiv e patients and compared to recommended intake or age, sex: weight, and physical activity. Ten healthy, growing, age- and sex-matched adolesc ents served as controls. Nine patients with inactive Crohn's disease, who had ceased growing, were matched for disease site and duration and acted as disease controls, Patients and disease controls had lower bo dy mass index (19.2 +/- 0.6; 20.9 +/- 0.7) than healthy controls (23.7 +/- 0.6; P < 0.001). Percent body fat was lower in patients (13.2 +/- 1.9%) compared to healthy controls (20.5 +/- 2.4%; P < 0.05) but not to disease controls (17.0 +/- 2.6%). Patients had higher resting energ y expenditure per kilogram of fat-free mass than disease or healthy co ntrols (36.9 +/- 5.1; 32.9 +/- 2.6; 30.9) +/- 2.1 kcal; P < 0.02). Mea sured resting energy expenditure in patients, but not in disease or he althy controls, was higher than the predicted (measured: predicted 1.1 5, 1.03, 0.9, respectively P < 0,03). Energy intake in patients was 97 % of recommended intake but the measured ratio of energy intake/restin g energy expenditure was lower than the predicted ratio (1.49 vs 1.71; P < 0.05), During subsequent relapse in five patients resting energy expenditure was unchanged. In growing adolescents with inactive Crohn' s disease, there is increased energy expenditure that is not accompani ed by an increase in energy intake. Relapse of disease does not appear to increase resting energy expenditure further but may ''divert'' ene rgy fram growth to disease activity, This suggests that nutritional th erapy should be directed towards Increasing caloric intake to maximize growth potential.